Facies characteristics and architecture related to palaeodepth of Holocene fjord–delta sediments     

RAYMOND S. EILERTSEN  GEOFFREY D. CORNER  ODD AASHEIM  LOUISE HANSEN 《Sedimentology》2011,58(7):1784-1809

Lithofacies characteristics and depositional geometry of a sandy, prograding delta deposited as part of the Holocene valley‐fill stratigraphy in the Målselv valley, northern Norway, were examined using morpho‐sedimentary mapping, facies analysis of sediments in exposed sections, auger drilling and ground penetrating radar survey. Various lithofacies types record a broad range of depositional processes within an overall coarsening‐upward succession comprising a lowermost prodelta/bottomset unit, an intermediate delta slope/foreset unit containing steeply dipping clinoforms and an uppermost delta plain/topset unit. Bottomset lithofacies typically comprise sand‐silt couplets (tidal rhythmites), bioturbated sands and silts, and flaser and lenticular bedding. These sediments were deposited from suspension fall‐out, partly controlled by tidal currents and fluvial effluent processes. Delta foreset lithofacies comprise massive, inverse graded and normal graded beds deposited by gravity‐driven processes (mainly cohesionless debris flows and turbidity currents) and suspension fall‐out. In places, delta foreset beds show tidal rhythmicity and individual beds can be followed downslope into bottomset beds. Delta plain facies show an upward‐fining succession with trough cross‐beds at the base, followed by planar, laminated and massive beds indicative of a bedload dominated river/distributary system. This study presents a model of deltaic development that can be described with reference to three styles within a continuum related primarily to water depth within a basin of variable geometry: (i) bypass; (ii) shoal‐water; and (iii) deep‐water deltas. Bypass and deep‐water deltas can be considered as end members, whereas shoal‐water deltas are an intermediate type. The bypass delta is characterized by rapid progradation and an absence of delta slope sediments and low basin floor aggradation due to low accommodation space. The shoal‐water delta is characterized by rapid progradation, a short delta slope dominated by gravity‐flow processes and a prodelta area characterized by rapid sea‐floor aggradation due to intense suspension fallout of sandy material. Using tidal rhythmites as time‐markers, a progradation rate of up to 11 m year^?1 has been recorded. The deep‐water delta is characterized by a relatively long delta slope dominated by gravity flows, moderate suspension fall‐out and slow sea‐floor aggradation in the prodelta area.  相似文献   

Modeling regional sediment transport and shoreline response in the vicinity of tidal inlets on the Long Island coast,United States     

Le Xuan Hoan  Hans Hanson  Magnus Larson  Pham Thanh Nam 《Coastal Engineering》2011

A new numerical model was developed to simulate regional sediment transport and shoreline response in the vicinity of tidal inlets based on the one-line theory combined with the reservoir analogy approach for volumetric evolution of inlet shoals. Sand bypassing onshore and sheltering effects on wave action from the inlet bar and shoals were taken into account. The model was applied to unique field data from the south coast of Long Island, United States, including inlet opening and closure. The simulation area extended from Montauk Point to Fire Island Inlet, including Shinnecock and Moriches Inlets. A 20-year long time series of hindcast wave data at three stations along the coast were used as input data to the model. The capacity of the inlet shoals and bars to store sand was estimated based on measured cross-sectional areas of the inlets as well as on comprehensive bathymetric surveys of the areas around the inlet. Several types of sediment sources and sinks were represented, including beach fills, groin systems, jetty blocking, inlet bypassing, and flood shoal and ebb shoal feeding. The model simulations were validated against annual net longshore transport rates reported in the literature, measured shorelines, and recorded sediment volumes in the flood and ebb shoal complexes. Overall, the model simulations were in good agreement with the measured data.  相似文献   

川中地区磨溪气田龙王庙组有利储集相带分布特征     

梁健  王丹玲 《江苏地质》2018,42(1):88-94

近年来,川中地区磨溪气田龙王庙组气藏的勘探研究逐步受到重视。对沉积环境及沉积相进行研究分析,精确划分其有利储集相带是指导开发的重点。通过测井资料、三维地震资料的分析,综合区域沉积背景,对龙王庙组沉积相进行研究。结果表明,磨溪区块龙王庙组主要为局限台地沉积,包括潟湖、台内滩、云坪等沉积亚相,纵向上主要分为2个沉积旋回,单个旋回由下到上为潟湖、台内滩、云坪,指示水体变浅。台内滩中的滩核微相颗粒云岩纯度高、单体厚度大,孔洞发育程度高,为最有利的储集相带。  相似文献   

一张相图引发的奇迹——论活动论构造—古地理   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

何登发  李德生  王成善 《地质科学》2015,50(2):391-409

构造-古地理在地学基础研究与能源矿产勘查中具有重要的指导意义,国内外学者与勘探家进行了长期卓有成效的探索。本文以四川盆地东北部二叠、三叠系礁滩天然气勘探为例,探讨了沉积相图在油气勘探发现中的重要作用,以及活动论思想在相图编制中的指导意义。结果表明,40余年对四川盆地晚二叠世-早三叠世沉积相的研究,引发了长兴组生物礁、飞仙关组鲕滩天然气勘探的突破与普光、龙岗、元坝等大气田的持续发现,相图的创新与发展带来了油气田大发现的奇迹;将盆地与周缘造山带相结合,探索晚二叠世-早三叠世的原型盆地,表明四川盆地内部及周缘在该时期内构造-古地理环境发生了巨大变迁,台地边缘是礁、滩发育的有利场所,台地内凹陷则是烃源岩分布的有利地区;对沉积盆地的复位与复原有助于矿产资源的预测。新一轮活动论"构造-古地理"研究将基于海量地质调查与油、气、煤勘探等资料,大数据时代下的活动论古地理重建必将带来地学的进步与资源勘查的系列发现。  相似文献   

印支期龙门山造山楔推进作用与前陆型礁滩迁移过程研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李勇  颜照坤  苏德辰  刘树根  曹俊兴  李海兵  孙玮  董顺利 《岩石学报》2014,30(3):641-654

马鞍塘期龙门山前陆盆地是印支期造山楔加载于扬子地台西缘而形成的挠曲前陆盆地。根据地表露头、钻孔剖面和地震反射剖面资料,本文通过分析前陆盆地早期前陆缓坡型鲕粒滩-硅质海绵礁组合在时间和空间上的迁移规律,标定了卡尼期龙门山造山楔的推进速率。结果表明:卡尼期马鞍塘组是分布于底部不整合面之上的第一套地层单元,在垂向上前陆型鲕粒滩-硅质海绵礁组合显示为鲕粒灰岩滩-生物碎屑滩-硅质海绵礁灰岩-泥页岩的向上变细的沉积序列,记录了前缘隆起边缘碳酸盐缓坡和海绵礁的构建和淹没过程,反映了在相对海平面的持续上升中鲕粒滩-硅质海绵礁被淹没致死的过程。在横向上,盆地结构显示为西厚东薄,并向西倾斜的不对称盆地,由西向东依次分布了深水盆地、碳酸盐缓坡和海绵礁和浅水滨岸带等沉积物类型,显示了从龙门山造山楔向前陆一侧具有泥页岩向鲕粒滩-硅质海绵礁的变化特征。其中鲕粒滩-硅质海绵礁丘组合发育于15～30m深度的前陆同斜缓坡上,呈面向西的条带状展布,其走向线与龙门山冲断带的走向大致平行。并可将其划分为7个鲕粒滩-硅质海绵礁相带,表明卡尼期硅质海绵礁丘和滩沿底部不整合面向南东方向的前陆缓坡超覆,其超覆线和相带的走向与龙门山冲断带的走向平行,显示了7条硅质海绵礁丘和滩是随着相对海平上升过程而向南东方向的前陆缓坡超覆过程中逐次形成的。卡尼期硅质海绵礁迁移速率为18mm·yr-1,其与龙门山造山楔推进速率(15mm·yr-1)基本一致,表明印支期龙门山逆冲楔推进速率与前陆鲕粒滩-硅质海绵礁丘迁移速率具有明显的耦合关系。据此,本次提出了龙门山前陆盆地早期前陆型碳酸盐缓坡和硅质海绵礁的迁移模式,其形成的过程为:龙门山造山楔于卡尼期初始构造负载于扬子板块西缘,导致了前陆地区的挠曲沉降,形成了前陆盆地,驱动了相对海平面的持续上升,前陆盆地处于欠补偿状态,当相对海平面上升速率与硅质海绵礁生长速率相同时,在15～30m深度的前陆同斜缓坡上发育了鲕粒滩-硅质海绵礁丘组合,随着龙门山造山楔不断地的向前陆地区推进,前陆盆地内相对海平面持续上升,逐次在前陆缓坡上15～30m深度的的位置开启了新的硅质海绵礁群的生长窗,形成了本区卡尼期7条带状展布的鲕粒滩-硅质海绵礁丘组合。因此,硅质海绵礁的淹没过程和迁移过程是龙门山造山楔向扬子克拉通推进过程的沉积响应,显示了在卡尼期-诺利期松潘-甘孜残留洋盆的迅速闭合和逆冲楔构造负载向扬子板块推进的动力学过程。  相似文献   

川北地区飞仙关组储层特征及其主控因素   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

吴斌  王兴志  张帆  杨跃明  李盼 《现代地质》2012,26(1):168-174

采用宏观和微观相结合的方法,对川北地区飞仙关组鲕粒滩储层的研究表明,其储集岩类型主要有鲕粒白云岩和鲕粒灰岩,储集空间以次生孔隙为主,储集物性较差,多为低孔、低渗的裂缝-孔隙型和孔隙-裂缝型储层。研究区飞仙关组储层是海平面下降形成的一套产物,储层的发育及演化受到沉积作用和成岩作用的共同控制。二叠纪长兴组生物礁古地貌高地和龙门山岛链的形成,为飞仙关组的沉积提供了高能沉积环境,而相对海平面的下降促进了高能滩体的形成,位于台地边缘的高能鲕粒滩体是储层发育的有利部位;混合水白云化作用和埋藏溶解作用为次生孔隙的形成提供了有利条件,改善了储层的储集性能。  相似文献   

长江口九段沙现代潮滩沉积特征   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

谢小平  王兆印  沈焕庭 《沉积学报》2005,23(4):566-573

根据2003年对长江河口九段沙潮间带和潮上带的现场调查和室内对沉积构造、粒度分布、矿物组成、沉积速率等的分析,对九段沙现代潮滩的沉积特征进行了研究。研究表明九段沙潮间带以小型交错层理为主,波痕发育,粒度主要为细砂至粗粉砂;潮上带主要为水平层理,粒度主要为中细粉砂。潮间带和潮上带的沉积矿物组成非常接近。沉积速率以潮间带低而潮上带高为特点。  相似文献   

河控浅水三角洲沉积构型          下载免费PDF全文

吴胜和  徐振华  刘钊 《古地理学报》2019,21(2):202-215

自浅水三角洲的概念提出以来,已经历了60多年的研究历史。虽然在诸多方面取得了较大的研究进展,但在浅水三角洲的概念内涵、砂体成因类型及沉积构型样式等方面仍存在一定的分歧。本文探讨了浅水三角洲概念的内涵,并总结和分析了其沉积构型特征和样式。根据浪基面和河-盆水深比(初始河道深度与河口盆地水体深度比值),可将三角洲分为极浅水三角洲、较浅水三角洲和较深水三角洲。典型的浅水三角洲为极浅水三角洲,发育于河-盆水深比值大于或等于1的浅水水体,分流河道可下切至下伏的前三角洲沉积。根据三角洲前缘分流河道与河口坝的组合样式,将河控浅水三角洲的端元类型分为分流砂坝型和指状砂坝型。分流砂坝型三角洲为河道入海(湖)后形成的多级分叉的河口坝与分流河道系统,平面上呈扇状,河—坝组合呈现“河在坝间”的样式,而指状砂坝型三角洲为指状砂坝与分流间湾相间分布的系统,平面上呈枝状,河—坝组合呈现“河在坝内”的样式。  相似文献   

川东北地区飞仙关组层序—岩相古地理特征和鲕滩预测   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

郑荣才  罗平  文其兵  徐发波  李瑜  耿威 《沉积学报》2009,27(1):1-8

以沉积相和界面识别为依据,将川东北地区下三叠统飞仙关组划分为2个三级层序和6个体系域,在此基础上对飞仙关组层序地层学特征进行了分析,编制了各沉积体系域的层序—岩相古地理图和对鲕滩发育规律进行预测。结果表明:SQ1层序发育期,飞仙关组受持续海侵影响,形成以深水台盆为中心的台盆—台地边缘—开阔—局限—蒸发台地的相带展布格局,以海侵体系域的台地边缘和台内鲕滩最为发育,该体系域也是飞仙关组鲕滩相储层最发育的层位;SQ2层序发育期,受海平面大幅度下降和水循环受限及干旱炎热气候影响,区域沉积格局由开阔台地转化为局限台地,鲕滩逐渐消失,最终进入频繁暴露的蒸发台地环境,以沉积膏云岩为主,为飞仙关组天然气藏极其重要的第一套区域性致密盖层发育层位。  相似文献   

河床地区地气测量找隐伏断裂   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

刘晓辉  童纯菡 《物探与化探》2009,33(2):128-131

在四川省石亭江地区隐伏断裂构造的地面解译过程中,当地特殊的河床、河滩地貌限制了常规物化探方法的应用。而通过积累式地气测量成功获取了当地隐伏断裂的位置和宽度信息。不仅验证了遥感解译对隐伏断裂预测的可靠性,还给出了更精确的定位信息,为当地地热资源勘查提供了重要帮助。在河床、河滩地区,积累式地气采样克服了常规物化探方法的局限性,表现出较好的环境适应性和实用性。  相似文献